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121.
ISSR是一种特异性较强、稳定性较高的分子标记方法。本研究采用ISSR-PCR技术,检测了红松(PinuskoraiensisSieb.etZucc)在伊春市汤旺河高峰林场、长白山二道白河、黑河胜山林场和俄罗斯海参崴市郊的四个种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化。15个引物的扩增结果表明:红松群体的多态位点比率是60.70%,平均每个引物3.6个多态位点,多样性水平在松科植物中是较高的;红松分布中心区的遗传多样性要高于边界区;和大多数木本植物一致,红松群体的基因多样性主要来自种群内部,占总基因多样性的73%;红松四个种群的遗传距离和地理距离之间无正相关性。根据研究结果推测,天然红松分布区逐渐缩小的原因不是由于遗传多样性水平过低引起的,而是由于人类的破坏作用,再加上火灾和风倒等因素造成的。 相似文献
122.
123.
Spatially distributed morphological characteristics of macropores in forest soils of Hitachi Ohta Experimental Watershed, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shoji Noguchi Yoshio Tsuboyama Roy C. Sidle Ikuhiro Hosoda 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(4):207-215
Morphological characteristics of macropores in forest soil profiles were investigated at Hitachi Ohta Experimental Watershed
in Japan. Nine individual profiles at different locations (various spatial scales in a catchment) and twenty profiles at one
site (a small spatial scale) were excavated to the bedrock to investigate density, origin, diameter, direction, and gradient
of macropores. Macropore densities in a soil profile ranged from 3.5 to 29.1 per m and from 5.4 to 75.1 per m2, respectively. Subsurface erosion, root channels, and interactions between subsurface erosion and root channels accounted
for 36.9, 36.5, and 19.0%, of the described macropores. The mean macropore diameter in organic-rich soil layer (17–20 mm)
was larger than in the B horizon (11–14 mm) at both spatial scales. The dominant gradients of all macropores in the organic-rich
soil layer and B horizon were at negative oblique angles. Approximately 90% of the macropores in the organic-rich soil layer
and approximately 80% of the macropores in the B horizon fell within the range between −50 and 50 degree planar direction.
Subsurface flow and root systems are believed to play important roles in determining the morphological characteristics of
macropores. These characteristics appear to have variable influences in different soil horizons rather than at different spatial
scales.
A part of this paper was presented at the 103th (1992) and 105th (1994) Annual Meetings of Japanese Forestry Society. 相似文献
124.
125.
以文冠果为研究对象,调查了14个分布区文冠果的15个表型性状,利用变异系数和巢式方差分析研究了分布区间和分布区内的变异情况;应用相关分析揭示了表型性状间及其与地理因子间的关系;运用聚类分析进行了分布区分类.结果表明,文冠果分布区内的变异大于分布区间的变异,分布区间的分化相对较小;出种数随经度的增大而减少,果宽随纬度的增大而增大,但随年平均气温的增大而减小,而其它13个性状随地理位置的改变没有特别明显的变化;表型性状的欧式距离与地理距离相关不显著. 相似文献
126.
在离体培养条件下 ,研究了秋水仙素不同浓度、不同处理时间对金鱼草实生苗的诱变效果。结果表明 ,金鱼草多倍体诱导容易成功 ,0 1%~ 0 2 %秋水仙素处理 12~ 36h均能成功地诱导出金鱼草多倍体。以二倍体金鱼草为对照 ,对四倍体金鱼草形态特征和光合作用特性进行了初步研究。结果表明四倍体金鱼草叶色浓绿、叶片肥厚 ,特别是花形巨大 ,花瓣厚而挺 ,花色艳丽 ,气孔和花粉粒比二倍体显著增大。且四倍体金鱼草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均比二倍体高。另外 ,还进行了四倍体与二倍体的杂交试验 ,获得了三倍体金鱼草。 相似文献
127.
128.
Alnus trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz. is classed as “near threatened,” and efforts should be made to conserve the species, but effective action would
require understanding of its genetic variation and structure. Therefore, the genetic variation at 12 isozyme loci was examined
in seven populations of the species in Japan. The expected heterozygosity within species (H
es=0.222) and the expected heterozygosity within populations (H
ep=0.199) were found to be slightly higher than in most other woody species. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (G
ST=0.146) was also high. The northernmost population had the lowest values for almost all measures of genetic variation, and
populations in southern Japan tended to show greater within-population variation than those in northern Japan. The level and
distribution of genetic variation in this species might be related to its life history and ecological traits, and distribution
history. 相似文献
129.
Kevin L. O'Hara 《New Forests》1995,9(1):53-60
Reconstruction in twenty single-cohort stands across five climax series on the eastern slope of the Washington Cascade Range found a variety of species combinations and development patterns. Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud) were found to be very competitive species that usually occupied a dominant position in stands in the Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, and Tsuga mertensiana climax series. Interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mirb.) Franco) was found in all five climax series and, although its height growth was less than that of western larch or the lodgepole pine, it was usually found in the upper stratum. These results suggest that site classification based on climax potential should be used cautiously when applied to young stand management decisions regarding seral species. For example, the difference between an Abies grandis, and a Tsuga mertensiana climax series is quite large in terms of potential productivity but in either case western larch, if present, will likely dominate these stands. 相似文献
130.
Some of the most frequently chosen approaches to forest population genetics as reflected in the present volume are discussed, and some topics possibly deserving more attention are addressed. Among the first are studies of self-fertilization as a characteristic of forest tree mating systems, gene markers as indicators of adaptive or phylogenetic differentiation, and methodological aspects of the measurement of genetic differentiation. The latter mainly concern generalizable methods of analysis and the involvement of gene markers in the determination of mating systems, detection of mechanisms of frequency dependent selection, and the incorporation of genetic profiles (characteristics of frequency distributions of genetic types) into population genetic analysis. 相似文献